Publication detail

Single- vs dual-source vapor deposition of inorganic halide perovskites: A case study of CsPbBr3

Musálek, T. Liska, P. Morsa, A. Arregi, JA. Klok, P. Kratochvil, M. Sergeev, D. Müller, M. Sikola, T. Kolibal, M.

Original Title

Single- vs dual-source vapor deposition of inorganic halide perovskites: A case study of CsPbBr3

Type

journal article in Web of Science

Language

English

Original Abstract

Inorganic halide perovskites have become attractive for many optoelectronic applications due to their outstanding properties. While chemical synthesis techniques have been successful in producing high-quality perovskite crystals, scaling up to wafer-scale thin films remains challenging. Vapor deposition methods, particularly physical vapor deposition and chemical vapor deposition, have emerged as potential solutions for large-scale thin film fabrication. However, the control of phase purity during deposition remains problematic. Here, we investigate single-source (CsPbBr3) and dual-source (CsBr and PbBr2) physical vapor deposition techniques with the aim of achieving phase-pure CsPbBr3 thin films. Utilizing Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that while the single-source CsPbBr3 evaporation is partially congruent, it leads to compositional changes in the evaporant over time. The dual-source evaporation, with a precise control of the PbBr2/CsBr flux ratio, can improve phase purity, particularly at elevated substrate temperatures under excess PbBr2 conditions. Our results give direct evidence that the growth is CsBr-limited. Overall, our findings provide critical insights into the vapor phase deposition processes, highlighting the importance of evaporation conditions in achieving the desired inorganic perovskite stoichiometry and morphology. (c) 2025 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Keywords

SOLAR-CELLS; VACUUM DEPOSITION; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; FILMS; CSPBX3; BR; CL

Authors

Musálek, T.; Liska, P.; Morsa, A.; Arregi, JA.; Klok, P.; Kratochvil, M.; Sergeev, D.; Müller, M.; Sikola, T.; Kolibal, M.

Released

1. 3. 2025

Publisher

AIP Publishing

Location

MELVILLE

ISBN

2166-532X

Periodical

APL Materials

Year of study

13

Number

3

State

United States of America

Pages count

10

URL

https://pubs.aip.org/aip/apm/article/13/3/031118/3340729/Single-vs-dual-source-vapor-deposition-of

BibTex

@article{BUT198139,
  author="Tomáš {Musálek} and Petr {Liška} and Jon Ander {Arregi Uribeetxebarria} and Pavel {Klok} and Matouš {Kratochvíl} and Miroslav {Kolíbal} and Tomáš {Šikola} and Amedeo {Morsa} and Dmitry {Sergeev} and Michael {Müller}",
  title="Single- vs dual-source vapor deposition of inorganic halide perovskites: A case study of CsPbBr3",
  journal="APL Materials",
  year="2025",
  volume="13",
  number="3",
  pages="10",
  doi="10.1063/5.0242134",
  issn="2166-532X",
  url="https://pubs.aip.org/aip/apm/article/13/3/031118/3340729/Single-vs-dual-source-vapor-deposition-of"
}