The course provides an overview of the principles of using industrial microorganisms in biotechnological processes. Students will learn about cell morphology, cell growth, cell metabolism and regulation, and the influence of cultivation conditions on the behavior of microorganisms. Attention is also paid to various cultivation modes, downstream processes, and selected biotechnological applications. The course also addresses the issue of the use of waste and alternative substrates for biotechnological purposes with an emphasis on sustainability. Active student participation is encouraged in the form of student presentations focused on selected applications of microorganisms in industrial practice.